Earth and Space Science 4

About this book

Earth and Space Science 4 examines natural hazards and the conditions that turn them into disasters. Learners use hazard maps, geospatial information, and historical evidence to consider how exposure, vulnerability, and community capacity influence risk.

The title connects disaster resilience with energy systems, land use, and infrastructure. Learners evaluate mitigation approaches and develop evidence-based recommendations for safer, more sustainable Philippine communities.